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@#ObjectiveTo develop and apply a method for detecting the titer of varicella-zoster virus(VZV)neutralizing antibodies based on complement dependence,so as to improve the sensitivity of traditional plaque reduction neutralization assay for detection of the titer of VZV antibody.MethodsThe antigen(live attenuated varicella vaccine)and antibody(human VZV immunoglobulin)were mixed in different proportions and different incubation times. After neutralization,the antigen-antibody mixture was inoculated into human diploid cell 2BS strain cultured in a six-well plate. After 7 ～ 10 d of culture,the number of plaques was counted by Coomassie brilliant blue staining,and the 50% neutralizing antibody titer was calculated by Karber′s formula. Under the optimal neutralization conditions obtained,the effect of complement on the sensitivity of neutralization experiment was explored by changing the addition amount of complement(lyophilized guinea pig serum)to evaluate the optimal addition amount of complement. According to the determined neutralization test parameters,the neutralizing antibody titers of 12 anti-VZV mouse sera and 14 anti-VZV human sera were detected by using traditional plaque method and complement-dependent plaque method respectively.ResultsThe key parameters of the detection method were determined:the titer of VZV standard antigen was 500 ～ 1 000 PFU/mL;the proportion of complement added to the antigen-antibody neutralization system was 1∶10(v/v),and the neutralization condition was 37 ℃ for 1 h. Both the complement-dependent plaque method and the traditional plaque method were positive for anti-VZV mouse serum antibody,while the antibody titer detected by the traditional plaque method was generally lower,and the antibody level of mice inoculated with 2 doses of live attenuated varicella vaccine was significantly higher than that of mice inoculated with 1 dose(t = 0. 45,P < 0. 05);Both of the two methods were positive for anti-VZV human serum antibody.ConclusionA complement-dependent detection method for neutralizing antibody titer of VZV was established. The addition of complement significantly improved the sensitivity of neutralization detection. The evaluation of the titers of neutralizing antibodies in mouse serum with different immunization strategies by the method suggested that the immune effect of two doses of vaccine was better than that of one dose.
ABSTRACT
Aeromonas hydrophila is a cause of infectious disease outbreaks in carp species cultured in South Asian countries including Pakistan. This bacterium has gained resistance to a wide range of antibiotics and robust preventive measures are necessary to control its spread. No prior use of fish vaccines has been reported in Pakistan. The present study aims to develop and evaluate inactivated vaccines against local strain of A. hydrophila in Pakistan with alum-precipitate as adjuvant. The immunogenic potential of vaccine was evaluated in two Indian major carps (Rohu: Labeo rohita, Mori: Cirrhinus mrigala) and a Chinese carp (Grass carp: Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish were vaccinated intraperitoneally followed by a challenge through immersion. Fish with an average age of 4-5 months were randomly distributed in three vaccinated groups with three vaccine concentrations of 108, 109 and 1010 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml and a control group. Fixed dose of 0.1ml was applied to each fish on 1st day and a booster dose at 15 days post-vaccination (DPV). Blood samples were collected on 14, 28, 35, 48 and 60 DPV to determine antibody titers in blood serum using compliment fixation test (CFT). Fish were challenged at 60 DPV with infectious A. hydrophila with 108 CFU/ml through immersion. Significantly higher levels of antibody titers were observed from 28 DPV in all vaccinated groups as compared to those in the control group. In challenge experiment the average RPS (relative percent survivability) was 71% for groups vaccinated with 109 and 1010 CFU/ml and 86% for 108 CFU/ml. Vaccine with 108 CFU/ml induced highest immune response followed by 109 and 1010 CFU/ml. The immune response of L. rohita and C. idella was better than that of C. mrigala. In general, normal histopathology was [...].
Aeromonas hydrophila é uma causa de surtos de doenças infecciosas em espécies de carpas cultivadas em países do sul da Ásia, incluindo o Paquistão. Essa bactéria ganhou resistência a uma ampla gama de antibióticos, e medidas preventivas robustas são necessárias para controlar sua disseminação. Nenhum uso anterior de vacinas para peixes foi relatado no Paquistão. O presente estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar vacinas inativadas contra cepa local de A. hydrophila no Paquistão com precipitado de alúmen como adjuvante. O potencial imunogênico da vacina foi avaliado em duas carpas principais indianas (Rohu: Labeo rohita, Mori: Cirrhinus mrigala) e uma carpa chinesa (Grass Carp: Ctenopharyngodon idella). Os peixes foram vacinados por via intraperitoneal, seguido de um desafio por imersão. Peixes com idade média de 4-5 meses foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos vacinados com três concentrações de vacina de 108, 109 e 1010 unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) / ml e um grupo de controle. Foi aplicada dose fixa de 0,1ml em cada peixe no 1º dia e dose de reforço 15 dias pós-vacinação (DPV). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas em 14, 28, 35, 48 e 60 DPV para determinar os títulos de anticorpos no soro sanguíneo usando o teste de fixação de elogio (CFT). Os peixes foram desafiados a 60 DPV com infecciosa A. hydrophila com 108 CFU / ml por imersão. Níveis significativamente mais elevados de títulos de anticorpos foram observados em 28 DPV em todos os grupos vacinados, em comparação com aqueles no grupo de controle. Na experiência de desafio, o RPS médio (sobrevivência percentual relativa) foi de 71% para os grupos vacinados com 109 e 1010 CFU / ml e 86% para 108 CFU / ml. A vacina com 108 UFC / ml induziu a maior resposta imune seguida por 109 e 1010 UFC / ml. A resposta imune de L. rohita e C. idella foi melhor do que a de C. mrigala. Em geral, histopatologia normal foi observada em diferentes [...].
Subject(s)
Animals , Aeromonas/pathogenicity , Carps , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/veterinary , Vaccines/analysis , Vaccines/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Abstract Aeromonas hydrophila is a cause of infectious disease outbreaks in carp species cultured in South Asian countries including Pakistan. This bacterium has gained resistance to a wide range of antibiotics and robust preventive measures are necessary to control its spread. No prior use of fish vaccines has been reported in Pakistan. The present study aims to develop and evaluate inactivated vaccines against local strain of A. hydrophila in Pakistan with alum-precipitate as adjuvant. The immunogenic potential of vaccine was evaluated in two Indian major carps (Rohu: Labeo rohita, Mori: Cirrhinus mrigala) and a Chinese carp (Grass carp: Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish were vaccinated intraperitoneally followed by a challenge through immersion. Fish with an average age of 4-5 months were randomly distributed in three vaccinated groups with three vaccine concentrations of 108, 109 and 1010 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml and a control group. Fixed dose of 0.1ml was applied to each fish on 1st day and a booster dose at 15 days post-vaccination (DPV). Blood samples were collected on 14, 28, 35, 48 and 60 DPV to determine antibody titers in blood serum using compliment fixation test (CFT). Fish were challenged at 60 DPV with infectious A. hydrophila with 108 CFU/ml through immersion. Significantly higher levels of antibody titers were observed from 28 DPV in all vaccinated groups as compared to those in the control group. In challenge experiment the average RPS (relative percent survivability) was 71% for groups vaccinated with 109 and 1010 CFU/ml and 86% for 108 CFU/ml. Vaccine with 108 CFU/ml induced highest immune response followed by 109 and 1010 CFU/ml. The immune response of L. rohita and C. idella was better than that of C. mrigala. In general, normal histopathology was observed in different organs of vaccinated fish whereas minor deteriorative changes were found in fish vaccinated with higher concentrations of the vaccine.
Resumo Aeromonas hydrophila é uma causa de surtos de doenças infecciosas em espécies de carpas cultivadas em países do sul da Ásia, incluindo o Paquistão. Essa bactéria ganhou resistência a uma ampla gama de antibióticos, e medidas preventivas robustas são necessárias para controlar sua disseminação. Nenhum uso anterior de vacinas para peixes foi relatado no Paquistão. O presente estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar vacinas inativadas contra cepa local de A. hydrophila no Paquistão com precipitado de alúmen como adjuvante. O potencial imunogênico da vacina foi avaliado em duas carpas principais indianas (Rohu: Labeo rohita, Mori: Cirrhinus mrigala) e uma carpa chinesa (Grass Carp: Ctenopharyngodon idella). Os peixes foram vacinados por via intraperitoneal, seguido de um desafio por imersão. Peixes com idade média de 4-5 meses foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos vacinados com três concentrações de vacina de 108, 109 e 1010 unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) / ml e um grupo de controle. Foi aplicada dose fixa de 0,1ml em cada peixe no 1º dia e dose de reforço 15 dias pós-vacinação (DPV). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas em 14, 28, 35, 48 e 60 DPV para determinar os títulos de anticorpos no soro sanguíneo usando o teste de fixação de elogio (CFT). Os peixes foram desafiados a 60 DPV com infecciosa A. hydrophila com 108 CFU / ml por imersão. Níveis significativamente mais elevados de títulos de anticorpos foram observados em 28 DPV em todos os grupos vacinados, em comparação com aqueles no grupo de controle. Na experiência de desafio, o RPS médio (sobrevivência percentual relativa) foi de 71% para os grupos vacinados com 109 e 1010 CFU / ml e 86% para 108 CFU / ml. A vacina com 108 UFC / ml induziu a maior resposta imune seguida por 109 e 1010 UFC / ml. A resposta imune de L. rohita e C. idella foi melhor do que a de C. mrigala. Em geral, histopatologia normal foi observada em diferentes órgãos de peixes vacinados, enquanto pequenas alterações deteriorantes foram encontradas no grupo de controle e nos peixes vacinados com concentrações mais altas da vacina.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Aeromonas hydrophila is a cause of infectious disease outbreaks in carp species cultured in South Asian countries including Pakistan. This bacterium has gained resistance to a wide range of antibiotics and robust preventive measures are necessary to control its spread. No prior use of fish vaccines has been reported in Pakistan. The present study aims to develop and evaluate inactivated vaccines against local strain of A. hydrophila in Pakistan with alum-precipitate as adjuvant. The immunogenic potential of vaccine was evaluated in two Indian major carps (Rohu: Labeo rohita, Mori: Cirrhinus mrigala) and a Chinese carp (Grass carp: Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish were vaccinated intraperitoneally followed by a challenge through immersion. Fish with an average age of 4-5 months were randomly distributed in three vaccinated groups with three vaccine concentrations of 108, 109 and 1010 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml and a control group. Fixed dose of 0.1ml was applied to each fish on 1st day and a booster dose at 15 days post-vaccination (DPV). Blood samples were collected on 14, 28, 35, 48 and 60 DPV to determine antibody titers in blood serum using compliment fixation test (CFT). Fish were challenged at 60 DPV with infectious A. hydrophila with 108 CFU/ml through immersion. Significantly higher levels of antibody titers were observed from 28 DPV in all vaccinated groups as compared to those in the control group. In challenge experiment the average RPS (relative percent survivability) was 71% for groups vaccinated with 109 and 1010 CFU/ml and 86% for 108 CFU/ml. Vaccine with 108 CFU/ml induced highest immune response followed by 109 and 1010 CFU/ml. The immune response of L. rohita and C. idella was better than that of C. mrigala. In general, normal histopathology was observed in different organs of vaccinated fish whereas minor deteriorative changes were found in fish vaccinated with higher concentrations of the vaccine.
Resumo Aeromonas hydrophila é uma causa de surtos de doenças infecciosas em espécies de carpas cultivadas em países do sul da Ásia, incluindo o Paquistão. Essa bactéria ganhou resistência a uma ampla gama de antibióticos, e medidas preventivas robustas são necessárias para controlar sua disseminação. Nenhum uso anterior de vacinas para peixes foi relatado no Paquistão. O presente estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar vacinas inativadas contra cepa local de A. hydrophila no Paquistão com precipitado de alúmen como adjuvante. O potencial imunogênico da vacina foi avaliado em duas carpas principais indianas (Rohu: Labeo rohita, Mori: Cirrhinus mrigala) e uma carpa chinesa (Grass Carp: Ctenopharyngodon idella). Os peixes foram vacinados por via intraperitoneal, seguido de um desafio por imersão. Peixes com idade média de 4-5 meses foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos vacinados com três concentrações de vacina de 108, 109 e 1010 unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) / ml e um grupo de controle. Foi aplicada dose fixa de 0,1ml em cada peixe no 1º dia e dose de reforço 15 dias pós-vacinação (DPV). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas em 14, 28, 35, 48 e 60 DPV para determinar os títulos de anticorpos no soro sanguíneo usando o teste de fixação de elogio (CFT). Os peixes foram desafiados a 60 DPV com infecciosa A. hydrophila com 108 CFU / ml por imersão. Níveis significativamente mais elevados de títulos de anticorpos foram observados em 28 DPV em todos os grupos vacinados, em comparação com aqueles no grupo de controle. Na experiência de desafio, o RPS médio (sobrevivência percentual relativa) foi de 71% para os grupos vacinados com 109 e 1010 CFU / ml e 86% para 108 CFU / ml. A vacina com 108 UFC / ml induziu a maior resposta imune seguida por 109 e 1010 UFC / ml. A resposta imune de L. rohita e C. idella foi melhor do que a de C. mrigala. Em geral, histopatologia normal foi observada em diferentes órgãos de peixes vacinados, enquanto pequenas alterações deteriorantes foram encontradas no grupo de controle e nos peixes vacinados com concentrações mais altas da vacina.
Subject(s)
Animals , Carps , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/veterinary , Fish Diseases/prevention & control , Bacterial Vaccines , Aeromonas hydrophila , Alum Compounds , ImmersionABSTRACT
【Objective】 To investigate the trend of neutralizing antibody level in plasma donors who received the 3rd shot of inactivated novel coronavirus vaccine. 【Methods】 Three commercial ELISA kits for novel coronavirus neutralization antibody detection, manufactured by Company A, B and C, were chosen and screened by Pseudotype Neutralization Test from December 2021 to June 2022. A total of 410 plasma samples from 64 plasma donors who received the 3rd shot of inactivated novel coronavirus vaccine and there after donated plasma within six months were detected by the selected ELISA kit from July to October, 2022. The data were analyzed by Excel 2013 and SPSS 26 software. 【Results】 The high-throughput ELISA kit for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody detection, manufactured by Company A, was selected for further antibody titer detection. The mixed plasma titers were 1 337.34, 1 148.89, 852.19, 681.38, 556.44 and 457.19 U/mL from 1 to 6 months, respectively, after the 3rd shot of vaccine. The neutralizing antibody titer level began to increase around 7 days after the 3rd shot of vaccine injection and peaked (peak range: 264.07-2 208.39 U/mL, median: 569.34 U/mL) at 1 month (range: 9-43 days, median: 22 days), and then gradually decreased (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The neutralizing antibody titer of plasma donors who received the 3rd shot of inactivated novel coronavirus vaccine began to rise around 7 days after vaccination, which reached the peak value at around 1 month and then gradually decreased.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the status and effect of influenza vaccination among some elderly population and their cognition of influenza vaccination in Shenzhen Pingshan district， and to provide reference for improving the vaccination willingness of the elderly population. METHODS Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the status quo of influenza vaccination among some elderly populations in Pingshan district； the Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influential factors of influenza vaccination； the serum antibody levels of the elderly population were analyzed before and after influenza vaccination. RESULTS Totally 140 effective survey question naires were collected from elderly. The elderly who participated in the survey had a better cognition of the main transmission mode of the influenza virus， 122 people answered correctly， and the accuracy was 87.1%. Age， knowledge that influenza vaccine should be given once a year and knowledge of Shenzhen’s free vaccination policy were the promoting factors for influenza vaccination behavior among the elderly. The positive rates of the four influenza antibodies （type A H1， type A H3， type B Victoria， type B Yamagata） after inoculation were higher than before inoculation， with statistical significance. The antibody titer levels after vaccination were generally higher than before. CONCLUSIONS The positive rate of antibody testing and antibody titer in the elderly population after influenza vaccination are higher than before， which effectively protects the health of the elderly population. It is necessary to continuously improve the awareness of the elderly population about influenza vaccination and free vaccination policies.
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Background: Persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at high?risk for COVID?19 infection and are a priority group for vaccination. Objectives: The objective of this study is to estimate the seroconversion and determine the side effects after COVID?19 vaccination among persons with T2DM in urban, rural, and tribal areas in Kerala. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban, rural, and tribal field practice areas of a medical college in Central Kerala, among 396 persons with T2DM. The participants were selected by simple random sampling from the 200–250 diabetic patients visiting each health center. Qualitative and quantitative estimation of antibodies were done by WANTAI Ab enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay kit and Abbott SARS COV?2 IgG Quantitative assay, respectively. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 59.40 ± 12.25 years. A majority (65.5%) had received both doses of vaccine. About half (51.5%) experienced side effects after vaccination. Antibodies (IgG or IgM) were detected in 93.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 90.2, 95.5) of participants. Those with a duration of diabetes ?5 years, with a single dose of vaccine, were five times (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] – 5.23,95% CI 1.86, 14.66) and four times (aOR – 4.11, 95% CI 1.66, 10.13) more likely, respectively, to be seronegative. Those who took medication for diabetes were protected against a no antibody (aOR – 0.05, 95% CI 0.02, 0.148) response. The median antibody titer in a subset (150) of participants was 365.2 (90–1587) AU/ml. Past COVID infection was an independent determinant of high IgG titers (aOR – 4.95, 95% CI 1.50, 16.36). Conclusion: Reinforcing the importance of vaccination particularly among those with longer duration of diabetes is imperative.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the titer of IgG anti-A/B erythrocyte antibody in vivo of the neonate with hemolytic disease of newborn(HDN), and explore its clinical valua in evaluating the severity of HDN.@*METHODS@#300 neonates with HDN, 50 neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemiain and 50 healthy neonates were selected as research object and Microtubes Gel Test was used to detect the titer of IgG anti-A/B erythrocyte antibody in vivo. Their clinical data and their mothers' prenatal examination data were retrospectively analyzed. Three hemolysis tests (direct antiglobulin test, free antibody test and release test), irregular antibody screening, and the titer of IgG anti-A/B blood group antibody was determined by serological method. Red blood cells(RBC), hemoglobin(Hb), reticulocytes(Ret) and nucleated red cells were detected by hematology analyzer. Indirect bilirubin and albumin(Alb) were detected by biochemical analyzer. The relationship between the titer of IgG anti-A/B erythrocyte antibody in vivo and the severity of HDN was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#There were six serological diagnosis modes in the HDN group,the difference between modes was statistically significant (P<0.05). The antibody titer relationship between HDN neonates and pregnant women was positive correlation(r=0.8302). The highest antibody titer of release test and free antibody test were 1∶32 and 1∶2, and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. RBC, Hb and Alb in HDN patients were lower than those in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia patients and healthy neonates (P<0.05), and were negatively relevant with antibody titer in vivo (r=-0.8016). Bilirubin content in HDN patients were higher than those in neonatal hyperbiliru binemia patients and healthy neonates group(P<0.05), and was positively relevant with antibody titer in vivo (r=0.8731). The hospital day in HDN patients was significantly relevant with the antibody titer in vivo (r=0.8547), but not with the age, sex, weight and ABO blood types (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The detection of antibody titer in HDN patients can be used to evaluate the antibody concentration in vivo, predict the ability of antibody to induce erythrocyte hemolysis, and help to judge the serenrity and prognosis of HDN.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , ABO Blood-Group System , Bilirubin , Blood Group Incompatibility , Erythroblastosis, Fetal , Erythrocytes , Hematologic Diseases , Hemolysis , Immunoglobulin G , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
【Objective】 To evaluate the efficacy and safety of early interventions by traditional Chinese medicine oral liquid combined with plasma exchange in the treatment of pregnant women with high titer of ABO/Rh antibodies. 【Methods】 156 pregnant women with serum antibodies presenting high titer (ABO ≥512, Rh ≥ 64) in our hospital from May 2018 to April 2021 were randomly divided into traditional Chinese medicine group(group Ⅰ, n=68), traditional Chinese medicine combined with plasma exchange group(group Ⅱ, n=57) and control group (n=31). The control group were given VC, VEand oxygen uptake. Group Ⅰ were further given oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine liquid on the basis of treatment of the controls. GroupⅡwas further treated with plasma exchange on the basis of group I treatment(for 20 days every month). The biochemistry, serum antibody titer and foetus intrauterine growth were monitored. The the efficacy of treatment, as well as pregnancy and neonatal conditions in the three groups were observed. 【Results】 The decrease time of antibody titer and IgG subtype titer in groupⅠ and Ⅱ, relative to the controls, were significantly better(P<0.05). The effective rate of group Ⅰ(72.59%, 49/68) and group Ⅱ(92.98%, 53 /57) were significantly higher than the controls(18.52%, 5/27, with 4 cases excluded). No HDN occurred in group II, indicating superior treatment outcome to group I and the controls. 【Conclusion】 The oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine liquid combined with plasma exchange, with good therapeutic efficacy and maternal-fetal safety, was effective for the early interventions of ABO/Rh incompatible HDN and worthy of clinical application.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which first affected humans in China on December 31, 2019 (Shi et al., 2020). Coronaviruses generally cause mild, self-limiting upper respiratory tract infections in humans, such as the common cold, pneumonia, and gastroenteritis (To et al., 2013; Berry et al., 2015; Chan et al., 2015). According to the Report of the World Health Organization (WHO)-China Joint Mission on COVID-19 (WHO, 2020), the case fatality rate of COVID-19 increases with age, while the rate among males is higher than that among females (4.7% and 2.8%, respectively). Since an effective vaccine and specific anti-viral drugs are still under development, passive immunization using the convalescent plasma (CP) of recovered COVID-19 donors may offer a suitable therapeutic strategy for severely ill patients in the meantime. So far, several studies have shown therapeutic efficacy of CP transfusion in treating COVID-19 cases. A pilot study first reported that transfusion of CP with neutralizing antibody titers above 1:640 was well tolerated and could potentially improve clinical outcomes through neutralizing viremia in severe COVID-19 cases (Chen et al., 2020). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM are the most abundant and important antibodies in protecting the human body from viral attack (Arabi et al., 2015; Marano et al., 2016). Our study aimed to understand the aspects of plasma antibody titer levels in convalescent patients, as well as assessing the clinical characteristics of normal, severely ill, and critically ill patients, and thus provide a basis for guiding CP therapy. We also hoped to find indicators which could serve as a reference in predicting the progression of the disease.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood , Antibodies, Viral/blood , COVID-19/therapy , China , Immunization, Passive , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/bloodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To explore the influential factors and titer trend of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific IgG antibody in convalescent patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to provide theoretical basis for the feasibility of clinical treatment of convalescent plasma.@*METHODS@#Colloidal gold immunochromatography assay was used to detect the SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibody and its titer in 113 convalescent patients with COVID-19 who were followed up from February 19, 2020 to April 6, 2020. The basic characteristics and treatment factors of patients in the high titer group (antibody titer≥1꞉160, @*RESULTS@#The difference in the clinical type of COVID-19, onset time, first admission C-reactive protein, absolute value of lymphocyte, absolute value of CD19@*CONCLUSIONS@#Male COVID-19 patients might be more likely to produce high titer SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies than female. The peak level of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibody in convalescent patients is maintained for a short period. Using plasma from convalescent COVID-19 patients for treatment should be within 28 d after discharge.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Antibodies, Viral , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19/therapy , Immunization, Passive , Immunoglobulin G , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Background: Theimmune system is intrinsic to health. Modulation of the immune responses to alleviate the diseases by using herbal plants has been of interest for many years. Diosgenin, a naturally occurring steroid saponin mainly present in the seeds of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)and in the root tubers of wild yams (Dioscorea vil-losa). Activation of specific and nonspecific immunity results in stimulation of immune response. Diosgenin has the positive effects on both specific and nonspecific immunity.Aim: To study the immunomodulatory activity of Diosgen-in in rats. Method: The suspension of Diosgenin wasgiven orally at the dosage level of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg for 21 days in a rat. The immunomodulatory activity on specific and non-specific immunity was studied by haemagglutina-tion antibody (HA) titer, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and carbon clearance test. Immunosuppres-sion in a rat was induced by using Cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg, p.o.). Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were used as antigen (0.1ml 20% SRBCs) in haemagglutinating antibody titer and delayed type hypersensitivity response methods. Result: Diosgenin exhibited significant increase in the production of antibody titer in response to SRBC antigen. A significant increase in both primary and secondary HA titer was observed in immunosuppressed group treated with Diosgenin when compared with negative control. A significant increase in the DTH response was observed in immu-nosuppressed animals treated with Diosgenin, pre-sensitized with SRBCs antigen. Diosgenin exhibited significant in-crease in phagocytic index against control group, indicating the stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system. Con-clusion: The study indicates that Diosgenin triggers stimulatory effect on specific and nonspecific immune response. The immunostimulant effect of Diosgenin could be attributed due to its saponin glycoside.
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Objective To investigate the changes of serum anti-schistosome antibody titers in schistosomiasis japonica pa-tients after treatment,in order to provide the evidence for formulating the schistosomiasis surveillance program in marshland and lake regions.Methods Upon prospective cohort study,the stool examination positive schistosomiasis patients and blood exami-nation positive suspected patients(the titer was more than 1:80,including 1:80)were selected as the research objects in Jian-gling County in 2014,and they received the 2-day praziquantel therapy.Half year,one year and two years after the treatment, their blood samples and fecal samples were collected for IHA anti-schistosome antibody detections and schistosome egg and mira-cidium detections. Results In 2014,the stool examination positives were 251,and the majority of them were over 41 years old,accounting for 93.23%(234/251);581 cases of high antibody titers were detected by the IHA method,and the majority of them were over 41 years old,accounting for 89.16%(518/581).Half year,one year and two years after the treatment,among the stool examination positives,the negative conversion rates of stool positives were 99.60%(250/251),100%(239/239)and 100%(234/234)respectively and the negative conversion rates of antibody positives were 21.91%(55/251),64.11%(156/239)and 76.89%(193/234)respectively.In the high antibody titer positives,the negative conversion rates were 38.04%(221/581),64.11%(359/560),and 77.86%(429/551)respectively,Half year,one year and two years after the treatment.There were statistically significant differences among the antibody negative conversion rates by χ2test(χ2=77.538,183.412,25.469 respectively,all P<0.001).The geometric mean values of antibody titers of different durations between 2 groups were analyzed by 2-independent-samples T test,and the geometric mean values of antibody titers between the 2 groups were different before the treatment(t=23.576,P<0.01),but the geometric mean values of antibody titers between the 2 groups were not different 6 months,1 year and 2 years after the treatment(t=-0.046,1.165, -0.132,P=0.964, 0.245,0.895 respectively). Conclu-sions The levels of serum anti-schistosome antibody degrade slowly in schistosomiasis japonica patients after the treatment, and the results of IHA tests cannot distinguish the current schistosome infection from previous schistosome infection.Therefore, it is necessary to develop the specific diagnostic technology for schistosome infection in order to meet the need of monitoring.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of individualized preconditioning in ABO-incompatible living donor kidney transplantation.Methods A series of 36 living donor kidney transplants across a wide range of ABO blood group incompatibilities using individualized preconditioning protocols were performed from September 2014 to June 2017.Preconditioning included oral immunosuppressants with or without the administration of rituximab,PE or DFPP.Medical records and electronic databases were reviewed for isoagglutinin titers,patient and graft survivals,graft function,rejections,infections as well as surgical complications.Results Of 30 ABO blood group incompatibilities,there were 6 cases of AB to A,2 cases of AB to B,4 cases of A to B,3 cases of B to A,13 cases of A to O (13),and 8 cases of B to O.Median initial ABO antibody titers were 1∶32 (1∶2-1∶256) (IgM) and 1 ∶ 8 (0-1∶64) (IgG),respectively.Individualized preconditioning included oral immunosuppressants alone (10 cases),oral immunosuppressants + PE (4 cases),oral immunosuppressants + PE + DFPP (1 case),oral immunosuppressants + rituximab + PE (16 cases),oral immunosuppressants + rituximab + DFPP (2 cases),and oral immunosuppressants + rituximab + PE+ DFPP (3 cases).After individualized preconditioning,an acceptable ABO antibody titer (≤1 ∶ 16) was obtained on the day of transplantation.Median follow-up duration was 12 months (1-33).Graft and patient survival rate was 94.4％ (34/36) and 100％ (36/36) respectively.Median value of serum creatinine at one year posttransplantation was 89 μmol/L,and eGFR was (81.07 mL/min/1.73 m2).In total,there was one episode of urinary tract infection and upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage,two cases of hyperacute rejection (leading to graft loss),acutecelluar-mediated rejection,delayed graft function,bone marrow suppression and pneumonia,and 3 cases of acute antibody-mediated rejection and wound fat liquefaction,respectively.Conclusion Our initial experience indicates that individualized preconditioning protocol based on initial ABO antibody titers is safe and technically feasible,and leads to excellent short-term survival of ABOi living donor kidney transplantation.
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Objective To analyze the antibody titer value of indirect haemagglutination test(IHA)in 135 confirmed acute schistosomiasis patients,so as to provide the evidence for improving the diagnosis and treatment of acute schistosomiasis. Meth-ods A total of 135 acute schistosomiasis inpatients were selected from 2001 to 2006. They all received the IHA antibody titer de-tection,and the correlation among the age,incubation period,and hospitalization days was calculated. Results The antibody titers of IHA were higher than 1:320 in all the cases. The percentages of 1:640,1:1280,1:2560,1:5120 and 1:10240 were 1.48%,28.15%,35.56%,20.00%,and 14.81%respectively. The mean age was(47.70 ± 14.58)years,average incuba-tion period was(38.03 ± 4.59)days and mean hospital stay time was(15.08 ± 3.79)days. The antibody titer value had no corre-lation with the age distribution(r=0.109,P>0.05). There was a negatively correlation between the antibody titer value and in-cubation period,(r=-0.558,P<0.01),there was a positive correlation between the antibody titer value and hospitalization time(r=0.791,P<0.01),and there were significant differences among different groups(F=17.07,64.53,both P<0.01). Conclusions The antibody titer of acute schistosomiasis cases detected by IHA is 1:640 and above. There is no correlation be-tween the antibody titer value and age,but the antibody titer value is higher,the incubation period is shorter and hospitalization time is longer.
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Objective To analyze the changes of serum antibody levels of children in Changning District of Shanghai City, who received the second dose of varicella vaccine at one year after the first dose thereof.Methods A total of 206 children aged at 1 to 3 years in Changning District who had received one dose of varicella vaccine were included as objects of observation in the observation group.They received the second dose of varicella vaccine at one year after the first dose thereof.Their venous blood was collected before the second dose thereof as well as and at 35 to 42 days thereafter, and the varicella antibody level was tested through Fluorescent Antibody to Membrane Antigen(FAMA) assay so as to compare the difference between the antibody level before the second dose of varicella vaccine and that thereafter.Results The varicella-zoster virus(VZV) antibody titers of the blood serum before and after the second dose of varicella vaccine for the objects of observation were compared.The geometric mean titers(GMT) of the antibody before and after the second dose of varicella vaccine were 1∶11.90 and 1∶71.04, respectively, with the antibody level of the latter significantly higher than that of the former (t=18.1, P<0.01), which showed significant difference between the two.The objects of observation whose antibody levels increased to over 4 times their original antibody levels occupied 82.52% of the total objects of obervation.Conclusion The second dose of varicella vaccine received at one year after the first dose thereof can effectively improve the VZV antibody titer in the blood serum of immunization recipients.
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Objective To investigate the threshold of IgG anti-A (B) antibody with microcolumn gel method and analyze the correlations between the incidence of neonatal hemolytic disease and IgG antibody titer in pregnant women as well as their age for the guidance of prenatal early prevention.Methods Based on blood type of 3 463 perinatal pregnant women and their husbands,the titers of prenatal antibody IgG against A and B were determined by both microcolumn gel and test tube method.The 1 620 pregnant women with blood type O were divided into three groups according to different pregnancy times (1,2,3 or more than 3 times).The titers of serum IgG anti A and B were determined every 4 weeks from the 22th week using micro column gel method.The newborn hemolytic disease-related indicators were detected simultaneously.Results In this laboratory,256 of the antibody titer by microcolumn gel method was used as the indoor reference value.The geometric average titer of IgG anti-A was 169 in 2 257 person-times of perinatal women,and the titer of IgG anti-B was 143 in 1 711 person-times of perinatal women.The 1 620 women with blood type O were continuous monitored at different pregnant times.In 896 women with first pregnancy,260 cases (29.02％)showed 256 or more than 256 of IgG anti A (B)antibody titer,107 cases (43.15％) in 248 women with the second pregnancy showed 256 or more of IgG anti A (B) antibody titer,and 220 cases (46.70％) in 476 women with the third pregnancy or more showed 256 or more of IgG anti A (B) antibody titer.The average ages of the pregnant women with increased 1,2 and 3 antibody titers were 26.4,27.8 and 29.9 respectively,and the incidences of hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN) were 21.66％,40.94％ and 84.90％ respectively.Conclusion In detecting IgG antibody in prenatal serum of pregnant women with O type,the sensitivity of microcolumn gel method for IgG antibody should be obviously higher than that of the traditional test tube method.The reference value of microcolumn gel method or IgG antibody titer was obviously higher than that of test tube method.The positive rate of IgG anti-A antibody in multiple pregnancies was significantly higher than that in the first pregnancy.The incidence of HDN may increase with the age of pregnant women when the titer of IgG antibody increased by 2 or more titers.
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Objective To investigate the effect of microcolumn gel reagent card,micro-column glass bead reagent card and classical test tube on the antibody titer of O-type pregnant women with ABO blood group.Determination of antibody potency of pregnant women with rabbit by reagent card.Methods Using microcolumn gel reagent card,micro-column glass beads reagent card,and classical test tube parallel detection to detect the IgG blood group antibody titer of O blood type pregnant women.Results There was no significant difference in the positive detection rate between the microcolumn gel reagent card and the microcolumn glass beads reagent card at 1:128 and the test tube method at 1:64 (P＞0.05).Conclusion The clinical reference value of microcolumn gel reagent card and microcolumn glass beads reagent kit for detecting antibody titer of IgG blood group in O-type pregnant women should be set to ≥ 1:128.
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In order to investigate the immune enhancement effects of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide Ophiopogon japonicus (OJPS) on Newcastle disease (ND) live vaccine, chickens vaccinated against ND live vaccine was orally administered with the OJPS at high, medium and low concentrations respectively. In negative control group, chickens were given orally equal volume of physiological saline. On day 14, 21 and 28, the serum antibody titer, erythrocyte-C3b receptor rosette rate (E-C3bRR), erythrocyte-C3b immune complex rosette rate (E-ICRR) and peripheral lymphocyte proliferation were measured. The results showed that at most time points, the antibody titer, peripheral lymphocyte proliferation, E-C3bRR and elimination rate of immune complex of three OJPS administrating groups were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in negative control group. It indicated that OJPS could significantly improve the immune efficacy of Newcastle disease live vaccine, Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide possessed synergistical immunoenhancement.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens/virology , Newcastle Disease/immunology , Ophiopogon/chemistry , Viral Vaccines/analysis , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Antibodies/blood , Erythrocytes/immunology , Lymphocytes/immunologyABSTRACT
Com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização do extrato de orégano nas dietas de codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) e desafiadas com cepas de Escherichia coli, sobre as características de desempenho, a incidência de celulite aviária e titulação de anticorpos específicos contra antígenos de E. coli, foram utilizadas 360 codornas japonesas, com 90 dias de idade, distribuídas em gaiolas de arame galvanizado em galpão convencional. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5x2 (extrato de orégano x desafiado ou não com E. oli), totalizando dez tratamentos com seis repetições de seis aves por gaiola. Os níveis do extrato de orégano (EO) avaliados foram: 0,00; 0,025; 0,050; 0,100 e 0,150%. Foram avaliadas características de desempenho produtivo, lesões macroscópicas da celulite após períodos pós-inoculação das cepas e amostras de soro foram colhidas para verificar a titulação de anticorpos nas aves. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo Teste T. Foi observado efeito de E. coli sobre todas as características produtivas, independentemente dos níveis de EO avaliados, onde grupos desafiados apresentaram piores resultados de desempenho. As lesões macroscópicas, características da celulite, observadas somente nas aves desafiadas com E. coli foram classificadas como grau leve e sem presença de hemorragias. Para a titulação de anticorpos específicos, houve maior quantificação para aves desafiadas com as cepas de E. coli em relação às não desafiadas. Pode-se concluir que o extrato de orégano suplementado nas rações não se mostrou eficaz frente ao desafio com E. coli em codornas na fase de postura e as aves desafiadas com E. coli apresentaram maiores respostas imunes humoral e celular, em relação às não desafiadas, caracterizadas pelo aumento na titulação de anticorpos e pela lesão macroscópica peitoral, independentemente dos níveis de extrato de orégano avaliados.(AU)
The aim was to evaluate the use of oregano extract in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diet, challenged with Escherichia coli strains, on performance, incidence of avian cellulitis and of antibody specific antigens against E. coli. Three hundred sixty Japanese quails with 90 days of age were distributed into galvanized wire cages in a conventional shed. The experimental design was completely randomized in factorial 5x2 design (oregano extract x challenged or not with E. coli), totaling ten treatments with six replicates of six birds per cage. Oregano extract levels were 0.00, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100 and 0.150%. Performance productive characteristics were evaluated, macroscopic lesions of cellulitis were measured after post-inoculation of the strains, and serum samples were collected for antibodies during experiment. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and averages compared by T test. Effect of E. coli was observed on all productive characteristics, regardless of the EO level evaluated, where challenged groups showed worse performance results. The macroscopic lesions, characteristic of cellulitis, observed only in birds of groups challenged with E. coli, were classified as mild and without bleeding. For specific antibodies, there was a higher number of birds challenged with E. coli strains in relation to unchallenged birds. It can be concluded that oregano extract supplemented in the diet was not effective against the challenge with E. coli in laying quails, and challenged birds with E. coli showed higher humoral and cellular immune response, compared with unchallenged birds, characterized by increased antibody titer and pectoral macroscopic lesion, regardless of the oregano extract levels evaluated.(AU)